文章：

饮食模式和癌症风险

Dietary patterns and cancer risk

原文发布日期：2019-12-17

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0227-4

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Over the past decade, the search for dietary factors on which to base cancer prevention guidelines has led to the rapid expansion of the field of dietary patterns and cancer. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported epidemiological associations between specific cancer types and both data-driven dietary patterns determined by empirical analyses and investigator-defined dietary indexes based on a predetermined set of dietary components. New developments, such as the use of metabolomics to identify objective biomarkers of dietary patterns and novel statistical techniques, could provide further insights into the links between diet and cancer risk. Although animal models of dietary patterns are limited, progress in this area could identify the potential mechanisms underlying the disease-specific associations observed in epidemiological studies. In this Review, we summarize the current state of the field, provide a critical appraisal of new developments and identify priority areas for future research. An underlying theme that emerges is that the effectiveness of different dietary pattern recommendations in reducing risk could depend on the type of cancer or on other risk factors such as family history, sex, age and other lifestyle factors or comorbidities as well as on metabolomic signatures or gut microbiota profiles.

摘要翻译： 

在过去的十年中，基于饮食因素制定癌症预防指南的研究需求，推动了饮食模式与癌症领域的快速发展。多项系统评价和荟萃分析报告了特定癌症类型与两类饮食模式之间的流行病学关联：一类是通过实证分析确定的数据驱动型饮食模式，另一类是基于预设膳食成分的研究者定义饮食指数。新技术的发展——如利用代谢组学识别饮食模式的客观生物标志物和新型统计技术——可为饮食与癌症风险之间的关联提供更深入的见解。尽管饮食模式的动物模型研究有限，但该领域的进展可能揭示流行病学研究中观察到的疾病特异性关联的潜在机制。本文综述将总结该领域现状，对新发展进行批判性评估，并确定未来研究的优先领域。其中浮现的核心观点是：不同饮食模式建议在降低癌症风险方面的有效性，可能取决于癌症类型或其他风险因素，如家族史、性别、年龄、其他生活方式因素或合并症，以及代谢组学特征或肠道菌群谱。

原文链接：

Dietary patterns and cancer risk