文章：

癌症生物学研究揭示了尸体解剖

Cancer biology as revealed by the research autopsy

原文发布日期：2019-09-13

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0199-4

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

A research autopsy is a post-mortem medical procedure performed on a deceased individual with the primary goal of collecting tissue to support basic and translational research. This approach has increasingly been used to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of cancer evolution, metastasis and treatment resistance. In this Review, we discuss the rationale for the use of research autopsies in cancer research and provide an evidence-based discussion of the quality of post-mortem tissues compared with other types of biospecimens. We also discuss the advantages of using post-mortem tissues over other types of biospecimens, including the large amounts of tissue that can be obtained and the extent of multiregion sampling that is achievable, which is not otherwise possible in living patients. We highlight how the research autopsy has supported the identification of the clonal origins and modes of spread among metastases, the extent that selective pressures imposed by treatments cause bottlenecks leading to parallel and convergent tumour evolution, and the creation of rare tissue banks and patient-derived model systems. Finally, we comment on the future of the research autopsy as an integral component of precision medicine strategies.

摘要翻译： 

研究性尸检是一种对逝者进行的死后医学程序，其主要目的是收集组织以支持基础与转化研究。这一方法已日益应用于探究癌症演进、转移及治疗耐药的病理生理机制。本综述中，我们探讨了研究性尸检在癌症研究中的应用依据，并就死后组织与其他类型生物标本的质量差异展开循证讨论。同时分析了死后组织相较于其他生物标本的优势，包括可获取大量组织样本、实现多区域广泛采样——这些在活体患者中无法实现。我们重点阐述了研究性尸检如何助力揭示转移灶的克隆起源与扩散模式，解析治疗施加的选择性压力导致平行与趋同肿瘤演化的瓶颈效应，以及推动稀有组织库与患者来源模型系统的建立。最后，我们对研究性尸检作为精准医疗策略不可或缺组成部分的发展前景作出展望。

原文链接：

Cancer biology as revealed by the research autopsy