文章：

通过纳米技术改善癌症免疫治疗

Improving cancer immunotherapy through nanotechnology

原文发布日期：2019-09-06

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0186-9

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to pioneers in the field of cancer immunotherapy, as the utility of leveraging a patient’s coordinated and adaptive immune system to fight the patient’s unique tumour has now been validated robustly in the clinic. Still, the proportion of patients who respond to immunotherapy remains modest (~15% objective response rate across indications), as tumours have multiple means of immune evasion. The immune system is spatiotemporally controlled, so therapies that influence the immune system should be spatiotemporally controlled as well, in order to maximize the therapeutic index. Nanoparticles and biomaterials enable one to program the location, pharmacokinetics and co-delivery of immunomodulatory compounds, eliciting responses that cannot be achieved upon administration of such compounds in solution. The convergence of cancer immunotherapy, nanotechnology, bioengineering and drug delivery is opportune, as each of these fields has matured independently to the point that it can now be used to complement the others substantively and rationally, rather than modestly and empirically. As a result, unmet needs increasingly can be addressed with deductive intention. This Review explores how nanotechnology and related approaches are being applied to augmenting both endogenous leukocytes and adoptively transferred ones by informing specificity, influencing localization and improving function.

摘要翻译： 

2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了癌症免疫治疗领域的先驱，因为利用患者协调适应的免疫系统来对抗其独特肿瘤的方法已在临床上得到充分验证。然而，由于肿瘤具有多种免疫逃逸机制，目前对免疫治疗有反应的患者比例仍然有限（跨适应症的客观缓解率约15%）。免疫系统具有时空调控特性，因此影响免疫系统的疗法也需进行时空控制，以最大化治疗指数。纳米颗粒与生物材料能够编程免疫调节化合物的定位、药代动力学和共递送，从而引发溶液给药无法实现的免疫应答。当前癌症免疫治疗、纳米技术、生物工程和药物递送领域正迎来融合契机——这些学科各自发展到成熟阶段，已能够实现实质性与理性化的互补整合，而非浅层次的经验性结合。这使得我们日益能够通过演绎推理来应对未满足的临床需求。本综述探讨如何通过纳米技术及相关方法，在特异性调控、定位引导和功能增强等方面强化内源性白细胞与过继转移白细胞，从而提升免疫治疗效果。

原文链接：

Improving cancer immunotherapy through nanotechnology