文章：

肿瘤免疫治疗时代的三级淋巴结构

Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy

原文发布日期：2019-05-15

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0144-6

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid organs that develop in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation including tumours. Key common characteristics between secondary lymphoid organogenesis and TLS neogenesis have been identified. TLSs exist under different maturation states in tumours, culminating in germinal centre formation. The mechanisms that underlie the role of TLSs in the adaptive antitumour immune response are being deciphered. The description of the correlation between TLS presence and clinical benefit in patients with cancer, suggesting that TLSs could be a prognostic and predictive factor, has drawn strong interest into investigating the role of TLSs in tumours. A current major challenge is to exploit TLSs to promote lymphocyte infiltration, activation by tumour antigens and differentiation to increase the antitumour immune response. Several approaches are being developed using chemokines, cytokines, antibodies, antigen-presenting cells or synthetic scaffolds to induce TLS formation. Strategies aiming to induce TLS neogenesis in immune-low tumours and in immune-high tumours, in this case, in combination with therapeutic agents dampening the inflammatory environment and/or with immune checkpoint inhibitors, represent promising avenues for cancer treatment.

摘要翻译： 

三级淋巴结构（TLSs）是在慢性炎症部位（包括肿瘤）的非淋巴组织中形成的异位淋巴器官。研究已发现次级淋巴器官生成与TLS新生之间存在关键共同特征。在肿瘤中，TLS以不同成熟状态存在，最终可形成生发中心。TLS在适应性抗肿瘤免疫反应中的作用机制正在被解析。有研究表明TLS的存在与癌症患者临床获益相关，提示TLS可能成为预后和预测指标，这引发了研究TLS在肿瘤中作用的热潮。当前主要挑战在于利用TLS促进淋巴细胞浸润、通过肿瘤抗原激活并诱导其分化以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。目前正在开发多种方法，通过趋化因子、细胞因子、抗体、抗原呈递细胞或合成支架来诱导TLS形成。针对低免疫浸润型肿瘤和高免疫浸润型肿瘤（后者需联合抑制炎症环境的治疗剂和/或免疫检查点抑制剂）诱导TLS新生的策略，为癌症治疗开辟了前景广阔的途径。

原文链接：

Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy