Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy of clonal plasma cells driven by alterations to the chromosomal material leading to uncontrolled proliferation in the bone marrow. Ethnic and racial disparities persist in the prevalence, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of MM. These disparities are multifaceted and intersect with various factors, including demographics, geography, socioeconomic status, genetics, and access to healthcare. This study utilized the openFDA human drug adverse events (AEs) to analyze global data pertaining to MM patients and patterns of treatment-related AEs. We identified ten most frequently used drugs and drug regimens in six distinct regions, including North America (NA), Europe (EU), Asia (AS), Africa (AF), Oceania (OC), and Latin America & the Caribbean (LA). AE patterns were evaluated using the reporting odds ratio combined with a 95% confidence interval. AE reports were more prevalent in men than in women across all regions. Cardiotoxicities were more likely observed in AS and EU, while secondary neoplasms were more frequently reported in the EU. Nephropathies were prominent in OC, AF (in males), and AS (in females), while vascular toxicity, including embolism and thrombosis, was more common in NA (in males). A notable improvement in survival, particularly in AS, EU, and NA, with a significant decline in death rates was observed. Hospitalization rates displayed less variation in AS and EU but exhibited more pronounced fluctuations in AF, LA, and OC. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into the demographic, geographic, and AE patterns of MM patients across the globe.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种复杂的克隆性浆细胞血液系统恶性肿瘤，其发病源于染色体物质改变导致的骨髓内异常增殖。该疾病在患病率、诊断、治疗及预后方面持续存在种族与民族差异，这些差异具有多面性，并与人口特征、地域、社会经济状况、遗传因素及医疗资源可及性等多种因素相互交织。本研究利用openFDA人类药物不良事件（AEs）数据库，对全球多发性骨髓瘤患者及其治疗相关不良事件模式进行分析。我们在六大地区（北美、欧洲、亚洲、非洲、大洋洲及拉丁美洲与加勒比地区）识别出十种最常用药物及治疗方案，并采用报告比值比结合95%置信区间评估不良事件模式。所有地区中男性不良事件报告率均高于女性。心脏毒性在亚洲和欧洲更常见，而欧洲地区更频繁报告继发性肿瘤。肾病在大洋洲、非洲（男性）及亚洲（女性）较为突出；血管毒性（包括栓塞与血栓形成）则在北美（男性）更为普遍。研究观察到患者生存率显著改善，尤其在亚洲、欧洲和北美地区死亡率明显下降。亚洲与欧洲的住院率波动较小，而非洲、拉丁美洲和大洋洲的住院率波动更为显著。综上所述，这项全面分析为全球多发性骨髓瘤患者的人口学特征、地域分布及不良事件模式提供了重要见解。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家